Stroke/ paralysis

A stroke happens when the blood supply to part of the brain is cut off, either due to a blocked blood vessel or bleeding in the brain. Without oxygen-rich blood, brain cells begin to die within minutes. Depending on where the damage occurs, it can lead to paralysis, difficulty speaking, memory loss, or death

How Stroke Leads to Paralysis

The brain controls movement on the opposite side of the body:

• Stroke on left side of brain → paralysis on right side

• Stroke on right side of brain → paralysis on left side

The severity depends on:

• Location of the stroke in the brain

• Size of the affected area

• Time to treatment

Diagnosis

If stroke is suspected:

• CT scan or MRI of the brain: to see if it’s a clot or bleed

• Blood tests

• ECG, carotid ultrasound, or heart echocardiogram if cause is unknown

Treatment Options

For Ischemic Stroke (clot):

• TPA (clot-busting drug) within 4.5 hours

• Thrombectomy (mechanical removal of clot) within 6–24 hours in selected patients

For Hemorrhagic Stroke (bleed):

• Control bleeding and pressure

• Surgery may be needed

• Manage blood pressure, prevent complications

Paralysis After Stroke

May include:

• Hemiplegia: complete paralysis on one side

• Hemiparesis: weakness on one side

• May affect:

  • Face

  • Arm and hand

  • Leg

  • Speech (if facial or tongue muscles involved)