Migraine

A migraine is a type of headache that can cause intense throbbing or pulsing pain, usually on one side of the head. It often comes with nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. Some people also experience aura—visual or sensory disturbances—before the headache begins.

Types of Migraines

1. Migraine with aura (classic migraine)

2. Migraine without aura (common migraine)

3. Chronic migraine – headaches occur 15+ days a month

4. Menstrual migraine – linked to hormonal changes

5. Hemiplegic migraine – rare, involves temporary weakness or paralysis

6. Vestibular migraine – includes dizziness or balance problems

Common Triggers

• Stress or anxiety

• Certain foods (e.g., aged cheese, chocolate, MSG)

• Skipped meals or dehydration

• Hormonal changes (e.g., menstruation)

• Sleep changes

• Bright lights or loud sounds

• Strong smells

• Weather changes

• Alcohol or caffeine (too much or withdrawal)

Symptoms

• Throbbing or pulsing head pain

• Pain on one side of the head (sometimes both)

• Nausea and/or vomiting

• Sensitivity to light, sound, or smells

• Aura: flashing lights, zigzag lines, blind spots, or tingling

• Fatigue and difficulty concentrating (postdrome)