A migraine is a type of headache that can cause intense throbbing or pulsing pain, usually on one side of the head. It often comes with nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. Some people also experience aura—visual or sensory disturbances—before the headache begins.
Types of Migraines
Migraine with aura (classic migraine)
Migraine without aura (common migraine)
Chronic migraine – headaches occur 15+ days a month
Menstrual migraine – linked to hormonal changes
Hemiplegic migraine – rare, involves temporary weakness or paralysis
Vestibular migraine – includes dizziness or balance problems
Common Triggers
Stress or anxiety
Certain foods (e.g., aged cheese, chocolate, MSG)
Skipped meals or dehydration
Hormonal changes (e.g., menstruation)
Sleep changes
Bright lights or loud sounds
Strong smells
Weather changes
Alcohol or caffeine (too much or withdrawal)
Symptoms
Throbbing or pulsing head pain
Pain on one side of the head (sometimes both)
Nausea and/or vomiting
Sensitivity to light, sound, or smells
Aura: flashing lights, zigzag lines, blind spots, or tingling
Fatigue and difficulty concentrating (postdrome)